gen
23
2012
WindRose PRO for airports runway design
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As described by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), wind analysis is of fundamental importance for determining runway orientation. Ideally a runway should be aligned with the prevailing wind in order to minimise the crosswind components. In aviation, a crosswind is the component of wind that is blowing across the runway making a landing more difficult than if the wind were blowing straight down the runway. If a crosswind is strong enough it may exceed an aircraft’s crosswind limit and an attempt to land under such conditions could cause structural damage to the aircraft. Adverse wind conditions (i.e., strong crosswinds, tail
dic
28
2011
Plot a wind rose in Excel
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In this post we show how to produce a simple wind rose using Microsoft Excel or Open Office Calc. Two sample files are also available. A wind rose is a chart which gives a view of how wind speed and wind direction are distributed at a particular location over a specific period of time. It is a very useful representation because a large quantity of data can be summarised in a single plot. The first step to plot a wind rose with an electronic data sheet is to organise the wind data in a table according to their direction and
set
27
2011
The application of models under the European Union’s Air Quality Directive
admin Air quality 0
A new technical report has been released by the European Environment Agency (EEA) concerning The application of models under the European Union’s Air Quality Directive. The report is important because previous Air Quality (AQ) directives based air quality assessment and reporting largely on monitored measurement data. However, the Directive 2008/50/EC encourages the use of AQ models in combination with monitoring in a range of applications. The new AQ Directive is important also because it introduces a limit value for PM2.5. In order to obtain a harmonised approach in air quality modelling over Europe, the Forum for Air Quality Modelling in
set
20
2011
How to use the simple on line wind rose tool
admin Air quality 0
Introduction A wind rose is a chart which gives a view of how wind speed and wind direction are distributed at a particular location over a specific period of time. It is a very useful representation because a large quantity of data can be summarised in a single plot. This type of plot can be used not only to plot wind speed against wind direction, but to plot any variable which depends on wind direction, as for example the average or the maximum wind speed measured over a time period. If a monitoring station measures both wind and concentrations of
ago
24
2011
How to use the simplified on line COPERT 4 methodology
admin Air quality 0
Introduction This article shows how to use the simplified version of the COPERT 4 methodology available on the Enviroware web site. The methodology is based on the contents of the EMEP/CORINAIR Emission Inventory Guidebook – 2007, available on the internet site of the European Environment Agency, more precisely on chapter 7, concerning Road transport. Chapter 7 provides the methodology, emission factors and relevant activity data to calculate: the emissions produced by the exhaust systems of road vehicles (SNAP codes 0701 to 0705), the non-exhaust emissions such as fuel evaporation from vehicles (SNAP code 0706) and the component attrition, which means
ago
10
2011
The Google Earth tool for studying Air Quality
admin Air quality 0
Premise This text appeared for the first time in February 2008 on the Enviroware internet site. A PDF document of the original version is available. 1. Introduction Any person involved in air quality studies knows that cartographic representation of data (input, output or measured) is very important, time consuming and, most often, difficult. One of the difficulties is to find a suitable cartographic base over which the information (sources, sensible receptors, buildings, isopleths, etc.) must be represented. Sometimes the cartographic base is available, but it is not georeferenced, therefore the user must try to reference it using the coordinates of
ago
09
2011
Use WindRose PRO to produce a 3-variables plot
admin WindRose PRO 0
In a 3-variables plot WindRose PRO represents the third variable with circles of different colors which are placed at a radial distance given by the wind speed (or any other directional variable), and at an angular coordinate given by the wind direction (measured from North and increasing clockwise). This kind of plot can be used in air quality studies for estimating the presence of important sources of specific pollutants. To create a directional graphic with 3 variables we will use the example file sample_3v, which is composed by 4 columns: Date and time [Date Time], concentration of an air pollutant